PMW 2026-033 by Abbas Milani (Hoover Institute)
Gentry note: This interesting historical article was originally published by the Hoover Institution on December 9, 2025.
Christian “Resurrection” in Islamic Iran?
Christians of many hues have lived in Iran long before 633 CE, when Islam arrived on the heels of the Arab invading army. The Cyrus Cylinder, often considered one of the first declarations of human rights and religious tolerance, is rightly seen as emblematic of the culture of the Persian Empire before the invasion. When the Zoroastrian faith became dominant in that empire, there are sadly many instances when Christians were subjected to brutal suppression and murder. Nevertheless, for centuries, churches and monasteries dotted ancient Iran’s landscapes. Often called “Nestorian” by Westerners, these Iranian Christians not only had a prominent presence in ancient Iran’s capital — the famous city of Ctesiphon whose architecture, and even pillaged bricks, helped shape Baghdad as the capital of the Islamic caliphate in its “Golden age,” but Nestorian bishops presided over schools that would, even in later centuries, send monks as far as India and China. It has even been reported that the “True Cross” believed to be the one Jesus was crucified on was seized by Sasanian armies in 614 and taken to Ctesiphon, to be later retrieved by Christians. Christianity was, in short, a visible, albeit occasionally brutalized, part of the Persian empire’s intellectual and spiritual fabric. In literature, too, some of the greatest love stories of Iran’s rich poetic tradition include lauded Christian heroes and heroines.
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